Where are Iran’s allies? Why Moscow, Beijing are keeping their distance | Israel-Iran conflict News
Russia and China Condemn U.S.-Israeli Actions in Iran
Russia and China, key diplomatic partners of Iran, have described the ongoing U.S.-Israeli military actions against Tehran as a blatant violation of international law. The conflict has resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 individuals, provoking international outcry.
Russian President Vladimir Putin characterized the recent assassination of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as a “cynical violation of all norms of human morals.” His harsh words underscored the gravity with which Moscow perceives these developments.
China’s Foreign Affairs Minister Wang Yi communicated with Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Saar, emphasizing that “force cannot truly solve problems” and urged all parties to prevent further escalation. In light of these tensions, Russia and China jointly called for an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council.
This unity reflects the strengthening ties between Iran, Russia, and China. The three nations have increasingly coordinated their efforts, including conducting joint naval exercises, as a way to project their collective stance against what they perceive as a U.S.-led international order aimed at their isolation. Despite their strong rhetoric, neither Russia nor China has indicated any intention to provide military support to Iran.
Strategic Partnership but No Military Alliance
In January 2025, Russia and Iran formalized their relationship with a comprehensive strategic partnership treaty encompassing trade, military cooperation, and cultural exchanges. This agreement enhanced defense and intelligence collaboration and supported various infrastructure projects aimed at establishing transport corridors linking Russia with the Gulf via Iran.
Joint military drills were conducted in the Indian Ocean just prior to the outbreak of hostilities; however, the treaty lacks a mutual defense clause, meaning Russia is not obligated to intervene militarily on Iran’s behalf. Andrey Kortunov, a prominent Russian foreign policy analyst, noted that Russia’s mutual defense agreement with North Korea is a more binding commitment compared to its arrangement with Iran. He explained that while Moscow prioritizes diplomatic engagement and mediation in various conflicts, including its dealings with the United States over Ukraine, expectations in Tehran for more tangible support could be higher.
Although the treaty does not compel military action, some sources in Tehran reportedly expressed frustration that Russia’s response has been limited to diplomatic gestures.
China’s Cautious Engagement
China and Iran entered into a 25-year cooperation agreement in 2021, focusing on enhancing economic and energy ties as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Jodie Wen, a fellow at the Centre for International Security and Strategy at Tsinghua University, remarked that the relationship is seen in Beijing as pragmatic and stable.
Wen clarified that while economic cooperation is robust, China’s approach regarding military engagement is carefully measured. The Chinese government maintains a policy of non-interference in the issues of other nations, which limits the likelihood of Beijing supplying arms to Iran. Instead, China’s role appears to be geared toward diplomacy and conflict resolution.
Dylan Loh, an associate professor in Singapore, noted that China’s involvement in Iran has evolved to safeguard its regional economic and security interests. He suggested that China is likely reassessing how to mitigate political risks associated with the conflict.
As tensions escalate, the dynamics among Russia, China, and Iran continue to evolve, shaping their collective response to U.S. and Israeli actions in the region.
